What is Aortic Stenosis?
Aortic stenosis refers to the narrowing of the aortic valve, which regulates blood flow from the heart to the aorta, preventing blood from flowing backward. This condition can result from various causes, leading to the valve not opening properly, and consequently, obstructing blood flow. When the pressure difference between the heart and the aorta exceeds a certain threshold, surgical intervention is necessary.
What Causes Aortic Stenosis?
Aortic stenosis is the most common heart valve disease, particularly in elderly populations, but it can occur at any age. Some potential causes of aortic stenosis include:
- Degeneration: As individuals age, wear and tear on the valve can occur, and calcium can accumulate in the aortic valve, leading to calcific aortic stenosis.
- Genetic Aortic Valve Disorders: Congenital abnormalities where one or two leaflets of the valve are missing can deteriorate over time and lead to stenosis.
- Rheumatic Fever: This bacterial infection can damage the heart valves, including the aortic valve, particularly in younger individuals. Rheumatic fever, caused by Streptococcus bacteria, can harm the heart valves after a throat infection.
- Other Causes: Endocarditis, chronic kidney failure, radiation therapy to the chest, and autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can also contribute to aortic stenosis.
What are the Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis?
The symptoms of aortic stenosis typically develop gradually but can worsen over time, significantly impacting daily life. Common symptoms include:
- Chest Pain (Angina): Pain or pressure in the chest, especially during physical activity, indicates a severe level of stenosis.
- Fatigue and Dizziness: Inadequate blood flow leads to fatigue and light-headedness during daily activities.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing during exertion or physical activity.
- Fainting (Syncope): Fainting episodes, especially during high-intensity activities, suggest the need for immediate medical intervention.
- Heart Murmur: An abnormal heart sound may be detected by a doctor using a stethoscope.
- Heart Palpitations: The sensation of irregular or rapid heartbeats.
- Dizziness: Dizziness during physical activity can also occur.
Aortic stenosis can also affect infants and children, with symptoms including failure to gain weight, respiratory problems, and fatigue. Early detection and consultation with a doctor are crucial to prevent complications.
